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PlantSnap
Plant Care
Cacao
(Theobroma cacao)
Also Known As
Cacao, Cocoa tree, Chocolate tree
About This Plant
Theobroma cacao is a small evergreen tree that is native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. It is widely cultivated for its edible beans, which are used to make cocoa powder and chocolate. The plant has a straight trunk, smooth bark, and large, glossy leaves that are alternately arranged. It produces small, inconspicuous flowers that grow directly on the trunk or branches, followed by large, colorful pods that contain the cocoa beans.
Plant Care Instructions
Outdoor Size Range
15-25 feet (4.6-7.6 meters)
Light Requirements
The cocoa tree prefers partial shade, with about 50-60% of sunlight exposure. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, while too little light can reduce bean production.
Humidity Needs
The cocoa tree prefers high humidity, with levels between 60-70%. It can tolerate lower humidity levels, but this may affect bean production.
Fertilizing Schedule
The cocoa tree requires regular fertilization with a balanced fertilizer that is high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilizer should be applied every 2-3 months during the growing season.
Pruning Guidelines
The cocoa tree requires regular pruning to maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. Pruning should be done in the early spring before new growth appears.
Common Pests and Diseases
Common pests of the cocoa tree include cocoa pod borer, cocoa mirid bug, and cocoa swollen shoot virus. Diseases that affect the cocoa tree include black pod disease, witches' broom, and frosty pod rot.
Indoor Size Range
6-8 feet (1.8-2.4 meters)
Watering Schedule
The cocoa tree requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged, and the plant should be allowed to dry out slightly between waterings.
Temperature Range
The cocoa tree prefers warm temperatures between 65-85°F (18-29°C). It can tolerate temperatures as low as 60°F (15°C) and as high as 90°F (32°C), but extreme temperatures can affect bean production.
Growing Season
The cocoa tree can be grown year-round in tropical regions, but it has a peak growing season between October and February.
Growing Difficulty Level
The cocoa tree can be difficult to grow, as it requires specific growing conditions and is susceptible to pests and diseases.
USDA Hardiness Zones
The cocoa tree is not frost-tolerant and can only be grown in USDA hardiness zones 11-12.
Did You Know?
Theobroma cacao was so highly valued by the ancient Maya and Aztec civilizations that it was used as currency and considered a food of the gods.
